9-+Art+of+India+before+1200



India Before 1200

Vocab
BUDDHISM- began with the prince Siddhartha Gautama in Nepal/central India, 4 noble truths are the foundations of Buddhism and stress self-cultivation for the purpose of obtaining NIRVANA very popular in china

HINDUISM- not one religion but many related beliefs innumerable sets which warship many diff go'ds by doing good one can be reincarnated into a higher caste until eventually released from the cycle of life

MUDRAS- ancient symbolic hand gestures that are regarded as physical expressions of different states of living

VISHNV- one of the 3 major Hindu god's who works for the order and well being of the hand of ten represented lying in a trance or asleep on the cosmic waters where he dreams the world into exist once

BODHISHVAS- those whose essence is wisdom saintly beings who are on the brink of achieving budda hood but have vowed to help others achieve budda hood before crossing over themselves

1. Traits which unite india art-
2. the vedic period 3. the maurya period 4. shunga and andhras period 5. the kushan and late andrha periods 6. gupta period
 * beauty (voluptouous forms and a profusion of ornament texture and color)
 * reflects a belief in generosity and favor of the go'ds
 * symbolism (enriches art with intelligence and emotion)
 * captures the vibrant quality of a world seen as infused with go'ds
 * all works reflect divine and inner spirits
 * formation of three major religions: Hinduism, buddhism, jainism
 * composed the upanishads: metaphysical texts which examine the meanings of vedic hymns
 * focused on relationship of soul and universe
 * ruled during maurya dynasty
 * art reflected hero's and Buddhism
 * often depicted yakshis and yakshas (spirits associated with forces of nature)
 * buddhism continued to be main inspiration
 * created STUPAS: religious monuments enclosing a relic chamber
 * great stupa at sanchi
 * buddhism transformed to mahayana
 * inspired first depiction of budda in art instead of symbols
 * developed schools
 * powerfully influenced long after the dynasty's collapse in 500
 * known for flourishing artistic and literary
 * commonly used paintings incuding those of the fresco techinique

Figurative works
STANDING BUDDHA-all three schools had distinct styles of Buddha. shared a basic visual language witch Buddha is recorded in characteristics. he would wear a monks robe called sanghati, was golden colored body, long arms that reached his knees, elongated ears from his past life when he was a prince he wore heavy earrings. the Buddha has 32 symbols.

SHIVA- dance of shiva is the dance of cosmic proportions signifying the universe cycle of death and rebirth it also signifying the liberation of the believer through shivas compaction. dwarf body, becoming, fire ball-destruction, drum creation and destruction, jewelry - beauty of body

**__2-D__ WORKS**
SIDDHARTHA IN THE PALACE- a relief from Nagarjunakonda, Andhra period, made out of limestone, its a poem about when the Buddha was a prince he wasn't allowed to touch the ground floor so he would always be on higher levels.

BODHISATTVA PAINTING- enlightened beings who postpone nirvana and Buddha hood to help others achieve enlightenment. they are distinguised from Buddhas in art by their princely garments. the bodhisattva here is lavishly cated crown with many tiny pearl fesstoons large earings long necklaces of twisted pearl stands armbands and braceletes a striped cloth covers his lower body, the graceful bending posture and serene gaze impart a sympathetic attitude. spiritual power is shown by his size to the other figures around him. style has outlines and softly graded color tones, outline drawing is a major part of Indian drawings. gradations impact the illusion of 3 dimensional form, with protuding parts like the nose eyebrows shoulders, and chest muscles



Architectural
DHARMARAJA RATHA MAMALLAPURAM NORTHERN TEMPLE- a tempe dedicated to shiva at khajuraho, in central India. probably built by a ruler of the chandella dynasty in the late tenth or early eleventh century. khajuraho was the capital and main temple site for the chandellas who constructed more then eighty temples there, about twenty five of which are well preserved. this temple is in the northern temple. this temple and the precursor at deogarth have the same basic elements and their symbolism remain unchanged. this was made in post and lintel construction, interior spaces are not large



KANDARIYA MAHADEVA TEMPLE SOUTHERN TEMPLE- made during the reign of Rajaraja 1. this temple was built for the gratitude for his many victories in battle. he built this in his capital. this temple is the supreme achievement of the southern style of Hindu architecture. this temple stands within a huge walled compound near the banks of the kaveri river. the hight is 216 feet, this temple was probably the tallest structure in India in this time. this southern temple has flat roofs unlike the northern temples pyramidal roofs. the exterior walls are ornameted with niches each of which holds a single statue usually depicting a form of shiva. spaces between the niches imparts a calm balance and formality to the lower portion of the temple in marked contrast to the irregular convex rhythms of the northern style.



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